Free Essays on Leonin

Leonin Leonin was conceived in Paris, France in the year 1135 AD (Estrella, 2004). He had such a melodic impact to the pioneers of our medieval timeframe considerably after his passing in the year 1201 AD (Estrella, 2004). Leonin was even viewed as one of the best melodic personalities throughout the entire existence of Western Music. He got his very much earned training at Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris. In the long run, he filled in as a group (Estrella, 2004). He was a French arranger just as writer (Estrella, 2004). In spite of the fact that his hugeness originated from his work with music, his verse was likewise very much perceived. In spite of the fact that next to no is thought about the life and subtleties of Leonin, the effect he made in the music world has gone on for a very long time now. The main works on Leonin from his prior life time, originated from a later understudy at the Cathedral known as Anonymous IV (Estrella, 2004). This individual should be an Englishman who left a t reatise on hypothesis (Estrella, 2004). Mysterious IV makes reference to Leonin as the incredible writer of the Magnus liber (Estrella, 2004). One of Leonin’s most noteworthy accomplishments was the formation of the Magnus liber organi (The Great Book of Organum). The Great Book of Organum, is a pattern of two-section Graduals, Alleluias, and responsories for the whole church year (Grout, p 77). Tragically, the Magnus liber doesn't exist in its unique structure (Grout, p 78). . There are original copies protected in libraries at Florence, Wolfenbuttel, Madrid, and somewhere else (Grout, p 78). There is no information on precisely the amount of the Magnus liber Leonin formed (Grout, p 79). . Organum is the soonest type of medieval polyphonic music (Estrella, 2004). Before any of crafted by Leonin, there is no proof of an exhaustive cadenced framework (Estrella, 2004). Leonin improved organum by adding musical structure to the tenor (Grout, p 79). This cadenced framework depends on six distinctive musical examples known as musical modes (Estrella, 2004).... Free Essays on Leonin Free Essays on Leonin Leonin Leonin was conceived in Paris, France in the year 1135 AD (Estrella, 2004). He had such a melodic impact to the pioneers of our medieval timespan significantly after his passing in the year 1201 AD (Estrella, 2004). Leonin was even viewed as one of the best melodic personalities throughout the entire existence of Western Music. He got his very much earned training at Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris. In the end, he filled in as an ordinance (Estrella, 2004). He was a French author just as artist (Estrella, 2004). Despite the fact that his noteworthiness originated from his work with music, his verse was additionally very much perceived. In spite of the fact that next to no is thought about the life and subtleties of Leonin, the effect he made in the music world has gone on for a long time now. The main compositions on Leonin from his previous life time, originated from a later understudy at the Cathedral known as Anonymous IV (Estrella, 2004). This individual should be an Englishman who left a treatise on hypothesis (Estrella, 2004). Unknown IV makes reference to Leonin as the extraordinary arranger of the Magnus liber (Estrella, 2004). One of Leonin’s most noteworthy accomplishments was the making of the Magnus liber organi (The Great Book of Organum). The Great Book of Organum, is a pattern of two-section Graduals, Alleluias, and responsories for the whole church year (Grout, p 77). Sadly, the Magnus liber doesn't exist in its unique structure (Grout, p 78). . There are original copies safeguarded in libraries at Florence, Wolfenbuttel, Madrid, and somewhere else (Grout, p 78). There is no information on precisely the amount of the Magnus liber Leonin created (Grout, p 79). . Organum is the most punctual type of medieval polyphonic music (Estrella, 2004). Before any of crafted by Leonin, there is no proof of a far reaching cadenced framework (Estrella, 2004). Leonin improved organum by adding cadenced structure to the tenor (Grout, p 79). This musical framework depends on six distinctive cadenced examples known as cadenced modes (Estrella, 2004)....

Copyright Laws in India Essay -- Technology Computers Essays

Copyright Laws in India This record is planned to give a short outline of the patent and copyrights laws in India and a concise investigation on worldwide issues identified with these laws. India has advanced gigantically in the field of innovation and is positioned tenth in the pool of logical and specialized work force on the planet. There might be many prudent, legitimate, moral issues that may have worldwide effect yet examining every one of them here is practically outlandish. Just the key issues are engaged in this paper. India is rapidly developing as driving world programming maker. It has involved a made sure about spot in data innovation field by creating top notch programming items and programming experts. India additionally has a genuinely all around created arrangement of foundation offices like force, transport, correspondence and banking. Legislature of India has as of late embraced an expanding liberal methodology towards joint endeavor and import of innovation. The nation has likewise reconsidered its licenses Acts after various remote organizations brought suit against nearby firms for penetrate of licenses. While PC programs are not presently patentable in India, the nation isn't without programming assurance. The Indian Copyright Law unequivocally characterizes the product as an abstract work, which can be ensured. The rule gives the Indian Central Govt. capacity to degree copyright security to remote works if necessary. With the defensive fundamental resolution set up, India has just to authorize them. Implementation in India, as in Mexico, in reality is by all accounts shaky area in controlling licensed innovation. We will talk about the subtleties of patens and copyrights issues of India in following areas of this paper. Diagram of Patent laws in India The Indian Patent Law doesn't contain a particular arrangement with respect to the assurance of PC programs. PC programs are not patentable in essence, anyway a case to a way of assembling, which brings about an unmistakable item that requires the use of a calculation or a specific PC program, might be patentable. Under Section 3(k) of the Patents (Second Amendment) Bill 1999, a numerical or a business technique or a PC program or calculations is anything but a patentable development. Apparently PC programs fit for realizing a specialized impact may be permitted, in compliant with the proposals made by the... ... of the program to be free programming too.) would forbid it. End Programming is uncommon . Neither one of the its can be contrasted with a copyrighted novel nor to an equipment or apparatus. Programming ought to be considered as an extraordinary case as it frames a one of a kind nexus between the elusive universe of theoretical ideas and the solid universe of hardware. New revelations and developments are occurring ordinarily in this field. As we talked about above, there are numerous moral issues on the off chance that we secure the product as some other designing procedure and there are numerous issues in the event that we don't ensure them. Being a capable programming engineer, I accept that product ought to be considered as a different substance (unique in relation to other building forms or scholarly work) and new laws ought to be characterized just pertinent to programming. References I. The patent and copyrights law in India, http://www.singhania.com/ip/contents.html ii. The Danger of Software Patents - by Richard M. Stallman, http://www.gnu.org/theory/stallman-mec-india.html iii. Ways of thinking of Free Software and Intellectual Property - by Brett Watson, http://www.ram.org/ramblings/reasoning/fmp/free-programming philosophy.html

How to Improve Your Meditation With Aromatherapy

How to Improve Your Meditation With Aromatherapy Meditation Print Meditate With Aromatherapy By Elizabeth Scott, MS twitter Elizabeth Scott, MS, is a wellness coach specializing in stress management and quality of life, and the author of 8 Keys to Stress Management. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Scott, MS Updated on April 24, 2019 Rafal Strzechowski / Getty Images More in Self-Improvement Meditation Happiness Stress Management Spirituality Holistic Health Inspiration Brain Health Technology Relationships View All There are many different ways to meditate, and as long as a meditation technique provides the opportunity to quiet the mind and relax the body, there are many benefits of meditation for health and stress relief. The following technique combines the benefits of aromatherapy with the simplicity of focused meditation to create an easy form of meditation even for those who are new to meditation or find the practice to be challenging.  Practice this as regularly as you can, and youll feel less stressed in the present moment, and build resilience toward future stress. How to Use Aromatherapy for Stress Relief The Meditation Get into a comfortable position and light a stick of incense according to the directions.As the trails of smoke curl and waft upwards, just focus on watching. Let yourself become immersed in the different paths and patterns the trail of smoke begins to take.If other thoughts come into your head, gently bring your attention back to the trail of smoke left from the incense. Just stay in the present moment and enjoy the simple and elegant display.Maintain this process for as long as you’re able to (taking into account the time you have available and your ability to focus). You may want to spend only five to ten minutes a few times a week at first, and as your ability to focus and remain present grows, lengthen your sessions and try the practice more often. Tips One stick of incense (I like Maroma’s lavender stick incense from Whole Foods.)While the main idea of this meditation is to stay in the present moment, your thoughts will wander at first. As this happens, rather than being critical of yourself for losing focus, congratulate yourself for noticing that your thoughts have crept in, so you can again redirect your focus to the present.According to many experts in aromatherapy, the best scents for relaxation are lavender (for calming properties), sage (for cleansing abilities), and peppermint (for mental focus), but you can use any scent that resonates with you.  Because the scent from stick incense is distributed via smoke, be careful not to get the trails of smoke too close to your face. If you are in a well-ventilated room, there should be no problem from the incense itself as long as you’re not directly inhaling its smoke.If you have problems with burning incense (due to respiratory problems, for example), try a different type of m editation.

King Lear Act 4, Scene 6 Analysis

The plot really heats up in the final scenes of  Act 4, Scenes 6 and 7. This  study guide  delves into the breathtaking drama that concludes Act 4. Analysis: King Lear, Act 4, Scene 6 Edgar takes Gloucester to Dover. Edgar pretends to take Gloucester up a cliff and believes he can cure him of his wish to commit suicide. Gloucester announces to the gods that he intends to commit suicide. He feels dreadful about his treatment of his son and thankful to his beggar companion for helping him. He then throws himself off the imaginary cliff and pitifully falls on the ground. Gloucester is still suicidal when he revives and Edgar, now pretending to be a passerby tries to convince him that he has been saved by a miracle and that the devil had pushed him to jump. He says that the kind gods have saved him. This changes Gloucester’s mood and he now resolves to wait until life gives up on him. King Lear enters wearing his crown of flowers and weeds. Edgar is shocked to see that Lear is still mad. Lear is railing about money, justice, and archery. He uses fighting talk saying he is prepared to defend himself against anyone. Gloucester recognizes Lear’s voice but Lear mistakes him for Goneril. Then Lear appears to mock Gloucester’s blindness. Gloucester responds to Lear with pity and begs to kiss his hand. Obsessed with social and moral justice Lear reaches the radical conclusion that he wants to defend the poor and give them power. Lear tells Gloucester that it is man’s lot to suffer and endure. Cordelia’s attendants arrive and Lear runs off fearing them to be the enemy. The attendants run after him. Edgar asks for news of the impending battle between the British and the French. Gloucester appears to have rallied following his encounter with Lear; he seems to realize that his own suffering is not so unendurable in comparison with what Lear is going through. Edgar says he will lead Gloucester to a safe place. Oswald is pleased to find Gloucester and Edgar in order that he can claim Regan’s reward for Gloucester’s life. Gloucester welcomes Oswald’s sword but Edgar poses as a country bumpkin and challenges Oswald to a fight. Oswald is fatally wounded and asks Edgar to deliver his letters to Edmund. He reads the letters and discovers Goneril’s plot against Albany’s life. He decides to tell Albany about this plot when the time is right. Gloucester is concerned about Lear’s state of mind but wishes he could be mad to distract him from his guilt. Gloucester finds it difficult to be cheerful. Edgar goes to escort his father to the French camp. A drum roll signifies imminent battle. Analysis: King Lear, Act 4, Scene 7 Lear has arrived at the French camp but is sleeping. Cordelia tries to encourage Kent to reveal his true identity to Lear but he says he still needs to maintain his disguise. The King is carried in on a chair as the Doctor says it is time to wake him. All the characters on stage prostrate themselves before the king. Cordelia kneels by her father’s chair hoping that her kiss will make up for some of the wrongs done to him by her sisters. Lear wakes and is bewildered. He does not seem to recognize Cordelia who asks for his blessing. Lear falls to his knees before his daughter full of regret. Cordelia says she does not feel bitter towards him and asks him to walk with her, they leave the stage together. Kent and the Gentleman remain to discuss the battle. Edmund has been put in charge of Cornwall’s men. A bloody battle is expected.

Midterm Answer. Chen Xuanhong. Cine 121 - 01. . 1-Escapist

Midterm Answer Chen Xuanhong CINE 121 - 01 1- Escapist entertainment and social commentary 2 to 2 ½ pages max. (170 Points) While Stagecoach (John Ford, 1939) is representative of Classical Hollywood cinema providing its audience with escapist entertainment, it also develops an â€Å"acute social observation† of life during America’s westward expansion and it challenges elements of the myth constructed around this history (Bernstein 316). a) What makes Stagecoach an example of Classical Hollywood cinema? Identify and explain the main characteristics, features, and conventions of this cinema that are present in the film. b) What makes this film different from other Classical Hollywood westerns? ââ€"  Explain Bernstein’s main argument in†¦show more content†¦b) â€Å"Stagecoach was the most critically acclaimed of several major studios 1939 Westerns that historians credit with raising the genre into big-budget production from the rut of B-studio, B-movie status† (Bernstein 300). Unlike the other classical Hollywood cinema, Ford chose western frontier as the open landscape for shooting. What’s more, Ford tried to cut dialogues to the minimum and focused on actions, showing how actors react to one another. Certainly, as a classical Hollywood film, Stagecoach reflects Ford’s appreciation of America’s westward expansion by showing chances for democratic life on the frontier. With the aim of specification contradictory beliefs, Ford made fully use of mise-en-scà ¨ne and cinematography, such as setting and composition. Setting The epic, mythicized, and vast landscape of Monument Valley offers the basis for Western’s fundamental conflict. It includes grassland, desert, cactus, buffalo, horses, and the owner of this land, Indian tribes. In the visual environment, another typical group of â€Å"civilization are brought by the invasion of towns, rails, churches, posts, etc. So, the setting itself contains conflicts of the natural environment and modern civilization. The conflict between the backward productivity and advanced productivity, the conflict between violence and law, the conflict between

Huck Finn Literary Criticism Free Essays

In Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain portrays his main character and the novel’s namesake, a deeply complex individual, even as a child. He has obvious abandonment issues and continues to struggle with finding his place in society. Huck starts by trying to fit in with Tom and a band of young boys, but eventually finds true companionship in a slave named Jim. We will write a custom essay sample on Huck Finn Literary Criticism or any similar topic only for you Order Now Huck continues in his struggles as his moral beliefs conflict with the moral beliefs of the society of his time. This conflict comes from Huck being so immersed in a society that he does not seem to belong in, all while still trying to find a place that he does belong. According to Harold Bloom and Leslie A. Fiedler, â€Å"The moral crisis of the book is created by the constant disjunction in the mind of Huckleberry Finn between what he thinks he ought to do, and what he is aware that he must do† (Bloom and Fiedler 25-39). This is seen throughout the novel, as Huck struggles with following society or following his heart. Another critic, Gemma Marshall, makes a point very similar to Bloom and Fiedler, saying, â€Å"Through the character of Huck and his internal debates, we see the conflict between what is morally right and what is legally enforced† (Marshall). At one point in the novel, Huck, himself, says: [The Widow Douglas] told me what she meant–I must help other people, and do everything I could for other people and look out for them all the time, and never think about myself†¦. I went out in the woods and turned it over in my mind a long time, but I couldn’t see no advantage in it–except for the other people; so that at last I reckoned I wouldn’t worry about it any more, but just let it go. (Twain) This statement, which completely supports the views of both critics, does not come from Huck being a selfish individual. Rather, it comes from him struggling to survive. Once Huck meets Jim, it is seen that he does put Jim first in many occasions, because at that point, he can afford to. Earlier in the novel, he could not let his blooming moral compass get in his way of survival. This moral conflict also contributes to Huck’s disregard for the law and his reasons why he does so throughout the novel. Earlier on in the novel, Huck is seen trying to fit in by joining Tom’s gang even if that meant killing people. At that point in the novel, one might say that Huck agreeing to this was just out of loneliness and wanting to belong. As the novel progresses, however, Tom’s actions seem to become more and more aggressive. As Bloom says, â€Å"Tom’s scheme for stealing way a Negro whom he knows to be free is not only sadistic but thoroughly immoral. † Though to readers Tom’s actions might seem immoral, he is simply acting as a product of his society. Just as Huck was trying to fit in with Tom by agreeing to join his gang, Tom is trying to fit into his society by following the normalcies that have been exposed to him. Based on this poin t, Bloom goes on to say that there â€Å"is nothing any more ridiculous about what Tom does than there is about what society inflicts on them every day† (Bloom 25-39). Readers, therefore, cannot judge the moral level of the characters based on today’s moral code, but rather of the moral code of the society that these characters were placed in. As the novel progresses, however, Huck begins to become aware of the morals in society, but chooses to go against them anyway. Bloom argues: It never enters his head for a moment that protecting Jim against recapture is anything but wrong; for he has no abolitionist ideas and questions the justice of slavery no more than did Aristotle. He considers, however, that as an outcast he has little to lose. (Bloom 25-39) If Huck is becoming aware of the morals of his society, yet is still choosing to go against them, this can mean that Huck is subconsciously forming his own moral code. Even though he knew that helping Jim was wrong, he must have felt, some place down in his heart, that it was right. Otherwise, why would he risk his own life to do so in the first place? In a society full of moral confusion, the one character â€Å"is presented as intelligent, analytical, [and] highly moral† is Jim (Marshall). Does Jim not make for a far more suitable role model than the drunkard Pap? † Marshall asks. He does, in fact, as he goes as far to create a home for Huck, that Pap never did. As unconventional as it may be, Jim and Huck become a family, with the river as their home. As they travel up the rive â€Å"it gradually becomes clear that the two characters leave the constraints of society behind them and create their own world on the water- it is within this world that the influence of societal values are suppressed in favour of a more logical, practical system of values† (Marshall). It is along this journey that Jim teaches Huck what values are really important in an individual, regardless of what society says is correct. He teaches Huck what it means to value another person’s life as much as one value’s his own. It is easy to see the moral complexities in this novel reading it through a modern lens, especially in the case of Huck. Readers are constantly struggling with whether nature or nurture will come out victorious: will Huck rise above his society because he was born with the ability to think beyond what he sees in it or will society’s pressures cause Huck to break? Contemporary reviews of the novel were also asking this question. On February 20, 1885, a review was published in The Hartford Courant. It’s author asked, â€Å"What, for instance, in the case of Huck, the son of the town drunkard, perverted from the time of his birth, is conscience, and how does it work? † This show how contemporaries of Mark Twain were able to see and appreciate the moral complexities of his novels and his characters just as easily as readers can today. The whole study of Huck’s moral nature is as serious as it is amusing, his confusion of wrong as right and his abnormal mendacity, traceable to his training from infancy, is a singular contribution to the investigation of human nature,† the author of the review goes on to say. The fact that the author uses the term â€Å"confused† by the author of that review is an interesting one. It implies that while Huck may think of his actions as wrong, as determined by his society, his action s actually prove Huck’s ability to think in morally superior terms of his society. Had a Southerner written this review, it may not have had the same implications. As a Northerner, who likely had much stronger anti-slavery views than a Southerner, wrote this review it makes it easier for him to appreciate the development of Huck’s moral code, despite what society was telling him. All three sources of criticism are in agreement about the moral difficulties faced by Huck throughout the novel. They also all agree that Huck is put at odds with his society because of his moral character, whether he views himself as moral or not. Since the two pieces of literary criticism are quite modern, it is not surprising that the critics are able to look at the novel and pinpoint all of the complexities that are entangled in this novel and in the life of Huck. Since a Northerner wrote the contemporary review, and Northerners were obviously more progressive in the ideas of abolition and anti-slavery than Southerners of the time, that could explain the level of forward thinking presented in the review. All three reviews also agree that Huck’s main conflict throughout the novel is that between himself and society. This is what causes him to set forth North in search of a place where he may belong. Luckily, however, throughout this journey he was able to find his sense of belonging right there with Jim. At the very end Huck reconciles with the fact that without Jim, Huck has nothing, as he does not belong to this society. He finds harmony by deciding to head west. Works Cited Bloom, Harold, and Leslie A. Fiedler. â€Å"Huckleberry Finn: Faust in the Eden of Childhood.. †Ã‚  Bloom’s Major Literary Characters  (2004): 25-39. EBSCOHost. Web. 17 Feb 2013. Hartford Courant 20 Feb 1885, Page 2. Web. 18 Feb 2013. www. etext. lib. virginia. edu/twain/harcour2 Marshall, Gemma. â€Å"Literary analysis: Controversial themes in Huckleberry Finn, by Mark Twain. †Ã‚  Helium: Where Knowledge Rules. 05 Dec 2008. Web. 18 Feb 2013. Twain, Mark. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Ed. Guy Cardell. New York: Penguin Classics, 2002. Print. How to cite Huck Finn Literary Criticism, Essay examples

Internet Culture Essay Example

Internet Culture Paper BA Humanities Media and Society It is hard to understand the term culture. What is culture? Is it a way of life, is it a group of shared interests that brings a community of individuals together or is it a utopian dream, an invention created by the powers that be who govern society to help to collaborate interests in a structured easy to monitor way? Culture is defined in many different ways. It is said that cultures are maps of meaning through which the world is made intelligible1, but whatever the true meaning of the word Culture, Raymond Williams was right in suggesting that Culture is one of the most complicated words in the human language2: Culture is one of the two or three most complicated words in the English language. This is so partly because of its intricate historical development { } but mainly because it has now come to be used for important concepts in several distinct intellectual disciplines and in several distinct and incompatible systems of thought3. Culture has become the antithesis of modern times. We will write a custom essay sample on Internet Culture specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Internet Culture specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Internet Culture specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Its meaning is so vast and indescribable that it would be very difficult to placate an entire essay on its meaning and come to any fore longed conclusion. Culture has a different meaning to different people and it is this paradigmatic complexity that allows the word to put fear into anyone attempting to analyse its essence. However, if you put a leading word, a word that defines disciplines within a specific culture, the term suddenly becomes identifiable. Oral Culture, Print Culture, Popular Culture and what we are attempting to understand within this research, Internet Culture begins to have a more clear and concise meaning. The very nature of the words associated and linked to the term culture allow for a more natural semblance of association. Once a word has been linked with the massive expanse of the term culture, the essence and meaning of a task such as describing what you understand by the term Internet Culture becomes significantly easier to digest and comprehend. Within the following research I will attempt to describe what I understand of the term Internet Culture and to address some of the key critical questions being asked about the movement towards the Internet Revolution4. For the basis of consistency, I will divide the text into what I feel are the key critical issues that are being questioned regarding Internet Culture, beginning with the definition that I believe personifies the term Internet Culture. As there are a phenomenal amount of issues that are being questioned I have chosen two key concepts that I feel are of importance regarding the construction and maintenance of a culture that is virtual in essence. The main critical issues that I will review are:   Can you have a virtual community?   How will Internet Culture affect the information Have and Have Nots? However, before we go any further it is imperative that we decipher what I believe and understand by the term Internet Culture. A contemporary hobby or obsession has been the compartmentalisation of eras in time and space or epochs that relate specifically to how society and the inhabitants of society communicate. Theorists have been able to highlight a number of shifts in the way a society communicates that has led to different aspects of cultural identity being adopted. It is safe to suggest that the fundamental link between varying societies and cultures are the way that they communicate and interact, as the understanding of a common language strengthens a community, just as a lack of understanding can also divide and ostracise. One of the first epochs to be defined was the Primary Oral Culture, a culture that communicated only by speech with no written text or literature present. Oral Culture was temporally biased5, it relied heavily on mythology and legend as well as ceremony and memorisation in order to transcend meaning and keep a sense of cultural identity alive6. It can be said that Oral Culture laid the foundations for the evolution of culture and society through differing communication media. The Primary Oral Culture led to Print Culture and then Visual Culture and to the epoch, which contemporary western societies are meant to inhabit, that of Internet Culture. Since Oral Culture all other cultures have included a fundamental aspect of the oral society7. We live in a predominantly word based environment, one of speech and hearing a world of sound8, however, the interactive medium that Internet Culture utilises is perhaps the only medium that converges all traditional modes of communication9. Internet Culture is the epoch that contemporary society has begun to inhabit, however, it can also be a fluid and complex medium that has many cultural meanings with little social understanding. Internet Culture cannot be as easily associated and linked to past specifications of culture that society has grown accustomed to. David Porter gives an interpretation of what Internet Culture is and the diverged sense of cultural significance that the Internet procures: If the Internet can be understood as the site of any culture at all, it is not, presumable, culture in the sense either of an elitist enclave or of a homogeneous social sphere. The culture that the Net embodies, rather, is a produce of the peculiar conditions of virtual acquaintance that prevail online, a collective adaptation of the high frequency of anonymous, experimental, and even fleeting encounters familiar to anyone who has ventured into a newsgroup debate. 10 It is therefore difficult to ascertain what Internet Culture is and it is equally difficult to give an explanation of a new medium with such a heavy cultural significance. The Internet is changing the way society communicates, but this is not a new or contemporary notion. Erla Zwingle establishes the movement of society and tradition when he affirms that Goods move, people move, ideas move and cultures change11. It is this that has the cultural significance in a continuously fluid environment like the Internet. However, to what extent the cultural significance has affected society and cultural infiltration is at this stage purely speculative with no foreseeable way of monitoring the effects that the Internet has. As we enter the 21st century electronic media have become an imperative aspect of western societies daily lives. We use computers because they are easy, they buy us time and they give us entertainment. Internet Culture is an extension of the visual image that saturates our everyday lives.

Free Essays on My Road Trip

Road Trip A new CD in your stereo, a full tank of the cheapest gas you can find, a fresh pack of cigarettes and some of your closest friends, theses are all I ever needed to have a good time. I don’t know where I get my love of road trips, maybe it’s from my mom always wanting to find out â€Å"where this road goes,† or maybe it was just that I’ve always wanted to see if the grass really is greener on the other side. All I know it that road trips seem to be the essence of my life. Some road trips are planned well in advance, while others hit you smack upside the head with no warning at all. This particular road trip was one of those that left you with a black eye and a welt just above your right temple. As five o’clock wound around on that Silverdale, WA Saturday afternoon, I was getting off of work at the mall and instead of just going home and waiting for Monday to come, I decided to go find an adventure with some friends. I started up the mall scanning all of the other shops to see who was working and who was about to get off work. Finally, towards the end of the mall I found my good friend of many years, Lauren, working at the Metabolife booth. When he had gotten off the telephone I asked him about that evening and what he was doing, he replied that he and his roommate Suzie were going to drive down to Oregon for the night to see Suzie’s mom. After a quick check in with Dad to let him know that I would be out of state for the weekend, we were off to Oregon. A few hours had passed and we were getting rather near to the boarder of Oregon, I noticed that we might need to stop and get gas, at that point I fell into a deep sleep without telling anyone else in the car that we needed gas soon. As the gage slid towards â€Å"E† and the SUV started to give out, I was awakened by the frantic sounds of Lauren’s effeminate voice yelling at Suz to pull over to the side of the road, and Suz yelling back that she wouldn’t b... Free Essays on My Road Trip Free Essays on My Road Trip Road Trip A new CD in your stereo, a full tank of the cheapest gas you can find, a fresh pack of cigarettes and some of your closest friends, theses are all I ever needed to have a good time. I don’t know where I get my love of road trips, maybe it’s from my mom always wanting to find out â€Å"where this road goes,† or maybe it was just that I’ve always wanted to see if the grass really is greener on the other side. All I know it that road trips seem to be the essence of my life. Some road trips are planned well in advance, while others hit you smack upside the head with no warning at all. This particular road trip was one of those that left you with a black eye and a welt just above your right temple. As five o’clock wound around on that Silverdale, WA Saturday afternoon, I was getting off of work at the mall and instead of just going home and waiting for Monday to come, I decided to go find an adventure with some friends. I started up the mall scanning all of the other shops to see who was working and who was about to get off work. Finally, towards the end of the mall I found my good friend of many years, Lauren, working at the Metabolife booth. When he had gotten off the telephone I asked him about that evening and what he was doing, he replied that he and his roommate Suzie were going to drive down to Oregon for the night to see Suzie’s mom. After a quick check in with Dad to let him know that I would be out of state for the weekend, we were off to Oregon. A few hours had passed and we were getting rather near to the boarder of Oregon, I noticed that we might need to stop and get gas, at that point I fell into a deep sleep without telling anyone else in the car that we needed gas soon. As the gage slid towards â€Å"E† and the SUV started to give out, I was awakened by the frantic sounds of Lauren’s effeminate voice yelling at Suz to pull over to the side of the road, and Suz yelling back that she wouldn’t b...

Biography of Amelia Earhart, Pioneering Female Pilot

Biography of Amelia Earhart, Pioneering Female Pilot Amelia Earhart (born Amelia Mary Earhart; July 24, 1897–July 2, 1937 [date of disappearance]) was the first woman to fly across the Atlantic Ocean and the first person to make a solo flight across both the Atlantic and the Pacific oceans.  She also set several height and speed records in an airplane. Despite all these records, Amelia Earhart is perhaps best remembered for her mysterious disappearance on July 2, 1937, which has become one of the enduring mysteries of the 20th century. Fast Facts: Amelia Earhart Known For:  The first woman to fly across the Atlantic Ocean, the first person to make a solo flight across both the Atlantic and the Pacific oceans, mysteriously disappeared flying over the Pacific Ocean on July 2, 1937Also Known As:  Amelia Mary Earhart, Lady LindyBorn:  July 24, 1897 in Atchison, KansasParents: Amy and Edwin EarhartDied:  Date unknown; Earharts plane vanished on July 2, 1937Education: Hyde Park High School, Ogontz SchoolPublished Works: 20 Hrs., 40 Min.: Our Flight in the Friendship,  The Fun of ItAwards and Honors: Distinguished Flying Cross, Cross of Knight of the  Legion of Honor, Gold Medal of the  National Geographic SocietySpouse: George PutnamNotable Quote: â€Å"The most effective way to do it is to do it.† Early Life Amelia Mary Earhart was born  on July 24, 1897, in Atchison, Kansas to Amy and Edwin Earhart. Her father was a lawyer for a railroad company, a job that required frequent moving, so Amelia Earhart and her sister lived with their grandparents until Amelia was  12. As a teenager, Amelia moved around with her parents for a few years, until her father lost his job due to a drinking problem. Tired of her husband’s alcoholism and the family’s increasing money troubles, Amy Earhart moved herself and her daughters to Chicago, leaving their father behind in Minnesota. Earhart graduated from Chicago’s Hyde Park High School and went on to the Ogontz School in Philadelphia. She soon dropped out to become a nurse for returning  World War I  soldiers and for victims of the  influenza epidemic of 1918. She made several attempts to study medicine and she worked as a social worker, but once she discovered flying, aviation became her sole passion. First Flights In 1920 when she was 23 years old, Earhart developed an interest  in airplanes. While visiting her father in California, she attended an air show and decided to try flying for herself. Earhart took her first flying lesson in 1921. She received her â€Å"Aviator Pilot† certification from the Federation Aeronautique Internationale on May 16, 1921. Working several jobs, Earhart saved up the money to buy her own airplane, a small Kinner Airster she called the  Canary. In the  Canary, she broke the women’s altitude record in 1922 by becoming the first woman to reach 14,000 feet in an airplane. The First Woman to Fly Over the Atlantic In 1927, aviator  Charles Lindbergh  made history by becoming the first person to fly non-stop across the Atlantic, from the U.S. to England. A year later, publisher George Putnam tapped Amelia Earhart to be the first woman to fly across the Atlantic- as a passenger. The pilot and navigator were both men. On June 17, 1928, the journey began when the  Friendship, a Fokker F7, took off from Newfoundland, Canada bound for England. Ice and fog made the trip difficult and Earhart spent much of the flight scribbling notes in a journal, while Bill Stultz and Louis Gordon handled the plane. 20 Hours, 40 Minutes On June 18, 1928, after 20 hours and 40 minutes in the air, the  plane landed in South Wales. Although Earhart said she did not contribute any more to the flight than â€Å"a sack of potatoes† would have, the press saw her accomplishment differently. They started calling Earhart â€Å"Lady Lindy,† after Charles Lindbergh. Amelia Earhart became an instant celebrity as a woman aviator. Shortly after her trip, Earhart published the book 20 Hrs., 40 Min.: Our Flight in the Friendship, which detailed her experiences. She began to give lectures and fly in shows, again setting records. More Record-Breaking In August 1928 Earhart flew solo across the United States and back- the first time a female pilot had made the journey alone. In 1929, she founded and participated in the Woman’s Air Derby, an airplane race from Santa Monica, California to Cleveland, Ohio. Earhart finished third, behind noted pilots Louise Thaden and Gladys O’Donnell. In 1931, Earhart married George Putnam. This same year she co-founded a professional international organization for female pilots. Earhart was the first president. The Ninety-Niners, named because it originally had 99 members, still represents and supports female pilots today. Earhart published a second book about her accomplishments,  The Fun of It, in 1932. Solo Across the Ocean Having won multiple competitions, flown in air shows, and set new altitude records, Earhart began looking for a bigger challenge. In 1932, she decided to become the first woman to fly solo across the Atlantic. On May 20, 1932, she took off again from Newfoundland, piloting a small Lockheed Vega. It was a dangerous trip: clouds and fog made it difficult to navigate, her plane’s wings became covered with ice, and the plane developed a fuel leak about two-thirds of the way across the ocean. Worse,  the altimeter  stopped working, so Earhart had no idea how far above the ocean’s surface her plane was- a situation that nearly resulted in her crashing into the water. Touched Down in a Sheep Pasture in Ireland In serious danger, Earhart abandoned her plans to land at Southampton, England, and made for the first bit of land she saw. She touched down in a sheep pasture in Ireland on May 21, 1932, becoming the first woman to fly solo across the Atlantic and the first person to fly across the Atlantic twice. The solo Atlantic crossing was followed by more book deals, meetings with heads of state, and a lecture tour, as well as more flying competitions. In 1935, Earhart made a solo flight from Hawaii to Oakland, California, becoming the first person to fly solo from Hawaii to the U.S. mainland. This trip also made Earhart the first person to fly solo across both the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. New Goals Not long after making her Pacific flight in 1935, Amelia Earhart decided she wanted to try flying around the entire world. A U.S. Army Air Service crew had made the trip in 1924 and male aviator Wiley Post flew around the world by himself in 1931 and 1933. Earhart had two new goals. First, she wanted to be the first woman to fly solo around the world. Second, she wanted to fly around the world at or near the equator, the planet’s widest point: The previous flights had both circled the world much closer to the  North Pole, where the distance was shortest. The Most Difficult Point in the Trip Earhart and her navigator Fred Noonan plotted their course around the world. The most difficult point in the trip would be the flight from Papua New Guinea to Hawaii because it required a fuel stop at Howland Island, a small coral island about 1,700 miles west of Hawaii. Aviation maps were poor at the time and the island would be difficult to find from the air, but the fuel stop was necessary. During last minute preparation for the flight, Earhart decided not to take the full-sized radio antenna that Lockheed recommended, instead opting for a smaller antenna. The new antenna was lighter, but it also could not transmit or receive signals as well, especially in bad weather. The First Leg On May 21, 1937, Amelia Earhart and Fred Noonan took off from Oakland, California, on the first leg of their trip. The plane landed first in Puerto Rico and then in several other locations in the Caribbean before heading to Senegal. They crossed Africa, stopping several times for fuel and supplies, then went on to  Eritrea, India, Burma, Indonesia, and Papua New Guinea. There, Earhart and Noonan prepared for the toughest stretch of the trip- the landing at Howland Island. Since every pound in the plane meant more fuel used, Earhart removed every non-essential item- even the parachutes. The plane was checked by mechanics to ensure it was in top condition. However, Earhart and Noonan had been flying for over a month straight by this time and both were tired. Last Leg On July 2, 1937, Earhart’s plane left Papua New Guinea  heading toward Howland Island. For the first seven hours, Earhart and Noonan stayed in radio contact with the airstrip in Papua New Guinea. After that, they made intermittent radio contact with a Coast Guard ship patrolling the waters below. However, the reception was poor and messages between the plane and the  ship were frequently lost or garbled. The Plane Disappears Two hours after Earhart’s scheduled arrival at Howland Island, on July 2, 1937, the  Coast Guard ship received a final static-filled message that indicated Earhart and Noonan could not see the ship or the island and they were almost out of fuel. The crew of the  ship tried to signal the ship’s location by sending up black smoke, but the plane did not appear. Neither the plane, Earhart, or Noonan were ever seen or heard from again. Naval ships and aircraft began to search for Earharts aircraft. On July 19, 1937, they abandoned their search and in October 1937, Putnam abandoned his private search. In 1939, Amelia Earhart was declared legally dead in a court in California Legacy During her lifetime, Amelia Earhart  captured the imagination of the public. As a woman daring to do what few women- or men- had done, at a time when the organized womens movement had virtually disappeared, she represented a woman willing to break out of traditional roles. The mystery of what happened to Earhart, Noonan, and the plane has not yet been solved. Theories say they might have crashed over the ocean or crashed on Howland Island or a nearby island without the ability to contact help. Other theories have proposed that they were shot down by the Japanese, or were captured or killed by the Japanese. In 1999, British  archaeologists claimed to have found artifacts  on a small island in the South Pacific that contained Earhart’s DNA, but the evidence is not conclusive. Near the plane’s last known location, the ocean reaches depths of 16,000 feet, well below the range of today’s deep-sea diving equipment. If the plane sank into those depths, it may never be recovered. Sources â€Å"Amelia Earhart.†Ã‚  American Heritage.Burke, John.  Winged Legend: The Story of Amelia Earhart. Ballantine Books, 1971.Loomis, Vincent V.  Amelia Earhart, the Final Story. Random House, 1985.

The classical economists Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The classical economists - Essay Example He does make a clear explanation of how the market system does dictate the nature of the prices to maintain the competition. When the demands of any product are high, the price will always escalate. The tight competition nature of any partaker in the market prevents any society from being exploited by the sellers, as they have to maintain a relatively reasonable price. Market laws also provide a clear regulation of the producers’ incomes. A business that is fetching immense profits will tend to attract a large number of people. When there is an overproduction of the same product, the cost goes down. Adam also did foresee two critical laws that act to curb greed in the market, the law of accumulation and the law of productivity. Accumulating profits are useful in purchasing new labor and machinery. Profits may subside due to labor and machinery demands. Increasing the population of the workers again is likely to lead to shoot out of the profits again. All these laws were illustrative of the kind of life that did exist in England in 1776 (Heilbroner,

Partnership and collaboration in the promotion of child development Essay

Partnership and collaboration in the promotion of child development - Essay Example When looking at Louisa and James’ family, it can be seen that interactions and finding solutions for various situations can change the overall development of all the children. The scenario that requires specific actions is with Serena and the current situation that she has created with both school and personal development. Scenario of Serena Serena is known as a scholarly student in school and is continuously performing to have average to good marks in school. However, Serena’s personal relationships have recently altered. Serena is a daughter from Louisa’s previous marriage with her birth father, Colin. While Louisa has been in a relationship with James since Serena since she was one years of age, there are different dynamics from the previous relationship. Serena first met her father when she was six months old; however, the interactions were limited. Six months ago, Serena’s birth father, Colin, began to move into more contact with Serena. There have be en several interactions between the two in the past few months. The teachers and administration at the school have noted that in the same few months, Serena is beginning to alter with her studies. Her attendance has altered and she is withdrawn when she is in the classroom, as opposed to having the regular interactions and alertness that was noted from her past behaviours. There may be several reasons associated with this, all which are leading to different behaviours among Serena. The problem that has compounded is one which is directly linked to personal relationships; however, the interference with Serena’s school work is leading to new concerns among individuals and professionals. Providing Integrated Services from Children’s Services The problem that has arisen with Serena is one which requires integrated services to work effectively. The relationship is the basis of this; however, the effects which are occurring with school work are creating alterations in how th e main problem can be approached. The integrated services include the family that is involved in the relationship. It also includes professionals that are working within the school as well as counsellors who may be able to assist Serena to become more alert in school and to separate the personal relationships from the interferences that are occurring in the school (Parton, 976: 2006). For this to work effectively, the integration of the various team members will need to work together with the proper communication and understanding of the complete situation. Protocols and documentation will need to be used to follow with the right communication so the team members can work on the activities on hand while minimizing tensions between the professionals. The inter-personal and professional communication needs to be developed first, specifically which can provide better integrated services for Serena’s situation (Anning, 90: 2006). The two concepts which the integrated services wil l need to use are intervention and protection services. If this is done earlier, than the team will be able to stop any hindrances which may drastically affect Serena’s attendance as well as the potentially hazardous relationship that is affecting her school work. For the integrated services to work, the team defined will first need to define what interventions need to occur (Sloper, 571: 2004). The most well – known factor that is altering with Serena is her attendance and the school work that she is

The Impact of Wal-mart Essay examples -- Business, Low Prices

Wal-Mart, the multi-billion dollar corporation and the second largest employer in the world, is the most controversial corporation in the world. Wal-Mart stands as a global powerhouse and affects countless individuals around the world. This company is constantly receiving criticism from unions, human rights groups, small towns and small businesses. There are accusations of Wal-Mart treating workers poorly and driving small businesses out of business. However these accusations are false and over exaggerated. Wal-Mart offers families and low income individuals quality products at affordable prices. Their workers are paid competitive wages and are treated with respect. Wal-Mart opens their stores in rural and under developed areas. Wal-Mart improves the lives of the folks who live rural area and improves their lifestyles. Wal-Mart provides low prices for people to afford more of these great products and to stretch their dollar more. Wal-Mart opens their stores in rural areas that are destitute. These people don’t have the ability to buy the latest and finest products around. That lifestyle of buying and getting the modern item is foreign to them. Thanks to Wal-Mart these people are able to grasp this lifestyle and experience for themselves (Coster 1). People are saving hundreds of dollars and these savings really add up. According to a study by the New England Consulting group, U.S. consumers save $100 billion annually, or $600 for the average America family (Maich 6). These savings for consumers and families are astounding. This data is not only about those who shop at Wal-Mart but this data is about all consumers. This is so because â€Å"Wal-Mart sells for less, it forces competitors to cut prices in order to compete† (Maich 6). A s... ...pplications for their jobs. Every time a new store opens, Wal-Mart receives 6 to 10 applications for each job that is available (Maich 5). If Wal-Mart was horrendous and a poor employer, there will be no applying for these jobs. This shows that Wal-Mart is a great employer and not what critic says it is. Wal-Mart is beneficial to many types of people. Wal-Mart is good for the economy and good to it workers. Wal-Mart hires many people from different walks of life and offers their workers many benefits that others retailers don’t offer. Wal-Mart with their low prices benefits consumers and help consumers to save. Wal-Mart is a positive to local economies and improves profits of local businesses. Wal-Mart is not a monster as critics’ states and all these attacks by critics are incorrect. Wal-Mart is not perfect but it is better than most of the other corporations.

Business Communication Essay

To communicate with others, to convince and to find the compromise, to listen and speak – those are what the life consists of and the business life especially. Without those important skills no success may be reached, and people gain these skills and improve them during their whole life. I think nobody can remain indifferent to the relations between people, their behaviour and their individuality. It is no matter who are you – the manager of giant corporation or, let’s say, a low-paid employee in a small office – if you are involved into some kind of business activity and have some goals and wishes – you are compelled to have a deal with others, without possibility to stand out from communication. Business communication involves exchange of information within an organizational setup. It is a continuous process. The more the business expands, the greater is the pressure on the business to find more effective means of communication both with the employees and with the society at large. Business communication is both written and oral. Written communication is important to fix accountability and responsibility of people in organization. This requires more of written communication (much of paper work). Everything should be communicated in written form by the manager to the people in the organization. Written messages can be saved for future references and cannot be denied. Written communication has great significance in today’s business world. It is an innovative activity of the mind. Effective written communication is essential for preparing worthy promotional materials for business development. Speech came before writing. But writing is more unique and formal than speech. Effective writing involves careful choice of words, their organization in correct order in sentences formation as well as cohesive composition of sentences. Also, writing is more valid and reliable than speech. But while speech is spontaneous, writing causes delay and takes time as feedback is not immediate. The object of this course paper is written business communication. The subject is grammatical and stylistic peculiarities of business written interaction. The aim is to explore the peculiarities of business communication in wide meaning in order to understand all the peculiarities of such type of communication and its necessity in modern world. In accordance with the aim of investigation the following tasks were set: âÅ"“ To define the concept of business communication; âÅ"“ To analyze the most frequent types of written business communication and to explore them; âÅ"“ To subscribe linguistic and sociocultural peculiarities of the style of business documents. Chapter I Characteristic Features of Business Communication 1. Functional Styles and their Classification Functional styles of language are a system of interrelated language means which serves a definite aim in communication. Functional styles are thus to be regarded as the product of a certain concrete task set by the sender of the massage. Functional Styles appears mainly in the literary standard of a language. The literary standard of the English language, like that of any other developed language, is not so homogeneous as it may seem. In fact the standard literary English language in the course of its development has fallen into several subsystems each of which has acquired its own peculiarities which are typical of the given functional style. The members of the language community, especially those who are sufficiently trained and responsive to language variations, recognize these styles as independent wholes. The peculiar choice of language means is primarily predetermined by the aim of the communication with the result that a more or less closed system is built up. One set of language media stands in opposition to other sets of language media with other aims, and these other sets have other choices and arrangements of language means. Functional styles are also called registers or discourses. In the standard  literary English we distinguish the following major functional styles are distinguished: 1. The language of belles – letters. 2. The language of publicistic literature. 3. The language of newspapers. 4. The language of scientific prose. 5. The language of official documents. As it has already been mentioned, functional styles are the product of the development of the written variety of language. Each functional style may be characterized by a number of distinctive features, leading or subordinate, constant or changing, obligatory or optional. Most of the functional styles however, are perceived as independent wholes due to a peculiar combination and interrelation of features common to all (especially when taking into account syntactical arrangement) with the leading ones of each functional style. Each functional style is subdivided into a number of substyles. Each variety has basic features common to all the varieties of the given functional style and peculiar features typical of this variety along. Still a substyle can, in some cases, deviate so far from the invariant that in its extreme it may even break away. We clearly perceive the following substyles of the fire functional style given above. The belles-lettres functional style is subdivided into: a) the language style of poetry; b) the language style of emotive prose; c) the language style of drama. The publicistic functional style comprises the following substyles: a) the language style of oratory; b) the language style of essays; c) the language style of feature articles in newspapers and journals. The newspaper functional style falls into: a) the language style of brief news items and communiques; b) the language style of newspaper headings; c) the language style of notices and advertisements. The scientific prose functional style also has three divisions: a) the language style of humanitarian sciences; b) the language style of â€Å"exact† sciences; c) the language style of popular scientific prose. The official document functional style can be divided into four varieties: a) the language style of diplomatic documents; b) the language style of business documents; c) the language style of legal documents; d) the language style of military documents. The classification presented here is by no means arbitrary. It is the result of long and minute observations of factual material in which not only peculiarities of language usage were taken into account but also extralinguistic data, in particular the purport of the communication. The classification of functional styles is not a simple matter and any discussion of it is bound to reflect more than one angle of vision. Thus, for example, some stylicists consider that newspaper articles (including feature articles) should be classed under the functional style of newspaper language, not under the language of publicistic literature. Others insist on including the language of everyday – life discourse into the system of functional styles. Prof. Budagov singles out only two main functional styles: the language of science and that of emotive literature. It is inevitable, of course, that any classification should lead to some kind of simplification of the facts classified, because items are considered in isolation. More over, sub-styles assume, as it were, the aspect of closed systems. But no classification, useful though it may be from the theoretical point of view, should be allowed to blind us as to the conventionality of classification in general. 1.2 Peculiarities of the Style of Official Documents The style of official documents aims at establishing, developing and controlling business relations between individuals and organizations. Like their styles of language, this style has a definite communicative aim and, accordingly, has its own system of interrelated language and stylistic means. The main aim of this type of communication is to state the conditions binding two parties in an undertaking. These parties may be: this state and a citizen, or citizen and citizen; a society and its members (statute or ordinance); two or more enterprises or bodies (business correspondence or  contracts); two or more governments (pacts, treaties); a person in authority and a subordinate (order, regulations, instructions, authoritative directives); a board or presidium and an assembly or general meeting (procedures acts, minutes). The aim of communication in this style of language is to reach agreement between two contracting parties. Even protest against violations of statutes, contracts, regulations, can also be regarded as a form by which normal cooperation is sought on the basis of previously attained concordance. The most general function of the style of official documents predetermines the peculiarities of the style. The most striking, though not the most essential feature, is a special system of clichà ©s, terms and set expressions by which each sub-style can easily be recognized. For example: I beg to inform you, provisional agenda, the above – mentioned, on behalf of, private advisory, Pear Sir, we remain, your obedient servants†¦ In fact, each of the subdivisions of this style has its peculiar terms, phrases and expressions, which differ from the corresponding terms, phrases and expressions of other variants of this style. Thus in finance we find terms like extra revenue, taxable capacities liability to profit fax. Terms and phrases like high contracting parties, to ratify an agreement, memorandum, protectorate, extra – territorial status will immediately brand the utterance as diplomatic. In legal language, examples are: to deal with a case, summary procedure; a body of judges; as laid down in. Like wise, other varieties of official language have their special nomenclature, which is conspicuous in the text and therefore easily discernible as belonging to the official language style. Besides the special nomenclature characteristic of each variety of the style, there is a feature common to all these varieties – the use of abbreviations, conventional symbols and contractions, for example: Ltd – Limited, B/E – bill of exchange, Gvt – government, Appx – appendix, $ – dollar, â‚ ¤ – pound†¦ Words with emotive meaning are not to be found in the style of official documents. Even in the style of scientific prose some words may be found which reveal the attitude of the writer, his individual evaluation of the facts and events of the issue. But such words are not to be found in official style, except those which are used in business letters as conventional phrases of greeting or close, as Dear Sir, yours faithfully. Almost every official document has its own compositional design. Pacts and statutes, orders and minutes, notes and memoranda – all have more or less definite forms, and it will not be an exaggeration to state that the form of the document is itself informative, inasmuch as it tells something about the matter dealt with (a letter, an agreement, an order†¦) Chapter II Peculiarities of Written Interaction 2.1 Types of Written Business Communication Written communication involves any type of interaction that makes use of the written word. Communication is a key to any endeavor involving more than one person. Communicating through writing is essential in the modern world and is becoming ever more so as we participate in what is now commonly called the information age. In fact, written communication is the most common form of business communication. It is essential for small business owners and managers to develop effective written communication skills and to encourage the same in all employees. The information age has altered the ways in which we communicate and placed an increasing emphasis on written versus oral communications. The ever-increasing use of computers and computer networks to organize and transmit information means the need for competent writing skills is rising. Dr. Craig Hogan, a former university professor who now heads an online school for business writing, receives hundreds of inquiries each month from manager s and executives requesting help with improving their own and their employees’ writing skills. Dr. Hogan explains, in an article entitled â€Å"What Corporate America Can’t Build: A  Sentence,† that millions of people previously not required to do a lot of writing on the job are now expected to write frequently and rapidly. According to Dr. Hogan, many of them are not up to the task. â€Å"E-mail is a party to which English teachers have not been invited. It has companies tearing their hair out.† Survey results from The National Commission on Writing study back up this assessment. They found that a third of employees in the nation’s â€Å"blue chip† companies write poorly and are in need of remedial writing instruction. The need to develop good writing skills is only highlighted by the fact that in the information age, it is not uncommon to have business relationships with customers and suppliers that are established and maintained exclusively through the use of written communications. In this environment, â€Å"the words we write are very real representations of our companies and ourselves. We must be sure that our e-mail messages are sending the right messages about us,† explained Janis Fisher Chan, author of E-Mail: A Write It Well Guide-How to Write and Manage E-Mail in the Workplace, in an article appearing in Broker Magazine. The key to communication, of course, is to convey meaning in as accurate and concise a manner as possible. People do not read business memoranda for the pleasure of reading. They do so in order to receive instructions or information upon which to base decisions or take action. Therefore, highly literary prose is not desirable in business writing. Overly formal prose may also be counterproductive by seeming stand-offish or simply wordy. A style of writing that is too informal can also convey an unintended message, namely that the subject matter is not serious or not taken seriously by the sender. A straightforward, courteous tone is usually the best choice but one that may not come naturally without practice. Advantages and disadvantages of written communication Written communication has great significance in today’s business world. It is an innovative activity of the mind. Effective written communication is essential for preparing worthy promotional materials for business development. Speech came before writing. But writing is more unique and formal than speech. Effective writing involves careful choice of words, their organization in correct order in sentences formation as well as cohesive composition of sentences. Also, writing is more valid and reliable  than speech. But while speech is spontaneous, writing causes delay and takes time as feedback is not immediate. Written forms of communication have several advantages and disadvantages. One advantage is that written messages do not have to be delivered on the spur of the moment; instead, they can be edited and revised several times before they are sent so that the content can be shaped to maximum effect. Another advantage is that written communication provides a permanent record of the messages that have been sent and can be saved for later study. Since they are permanent, written forms of communication also enable recipients to take more time in reviewing the message and providing appropriate feedback. For these reasons, written forms of communication are often considered more appropriate for complex business messages that include important facts and figures. Other benefits commonly associated with good writing skills include increased customer/client satisfaction; improved interorganizational efficiency; and enhanced image in the community and industry. There are also several potential pitfalls associated with written communication, however. For instance, unlike oral communication, wherein impressions and reactions are exchanged instantaneously, the sender of written communication does not generally receive immediate feedback to his or her message. This can be a source of frustration and uncertainty in business situations in which a swift response is desired. In addition, written messages often take more time to compose, both because of their information-packed nature and the difficulty that many individuals have in composing such correspondence. Many companies, however, have taken a proactive stance in addressing the latter issue. Mindful of the large number of workers who struggle with their writing abilities, some firms have begun to offer on-site writing courses or enrolled employees in business writing workshops offered by professional training organizations, colleges, and community education programs. 2.2 Business Letters, their Types and Components Business communication is a permanent means of communication and is much easier understanding then oral means of communication. Good written communication contributes to success of an organization. It helps in  building goodwill of an organization. Written business communication includes letters, memoranda, agenda, manuals, reports etc. 1. Business Letters: A very large part of the business of the world is conducted by means of correspondents. Therefore it is extremely important to be able to write good business letters – letters that represent one’s self and one’s organization to best advantage. Writing good business letter is a matter of detailed and often quite specialized technique, which is not so complicated as you may have been let to fear. All you need is a supply of visiting cards, some good paper, a pen, a computer and a little good will. It must have a good appealing layout. The content of the letter should be clear in mind of the writer. The letter must be divided into paragraphs. It must have subject written and should be enclosed in an envelope. It should be surely used for future reference. It should be carefully written as it has an impact on goodwill of the organization. Examples of Business letters are – sales letters, information letters, problem letters etc. 2. Memoranda: Memos are generally short means of written communication within an organization. They are used to convey specific information to the people within an organization. 3. Reports: A report is prepared after lot of investigation. Whatever observations are made, an account of them is written in the report. Reports are important for analyzing the performance of the organization. It helps in taking important decisions within an organization. 4. Agenda: Agenda is an outline about all the contents of the meeting. It tells what is the purpose of the meeting and where are the participants heading. While designing an agenda one should be very specific. Designing an agenda beforehand helps the people to come prepared for the meeting. 5. Electronic Mail. Electronic mail, commonly known as email or e-mail, is a method of exchanging digital messages from an author to one or more recipients. Modern email operates across the Internet or other computer networks. Some early email systems required that the author and the recipient both be online at the same time, in common with instant messaging. Today’s email systems are based on a store-and-forward model. Email servers accept, forward, deliver and store messages. Neither the users nor their computers are required to be online simultaneously; they need connect only briefly, typically to an email server, for as long as it takes to send or receive messages. The most popular type of written business communication is letter. Letter writing is an art. A letter on one topic can be written in different styles with the help of various formats. Writing a letter is a difficult task for some because of format used for writing. The letter has to have following parts. They are date, name and address of sender and receiver, salutation, main body and complimentary closure. When all these parts are combined together then you will get a well drafted letter. Writing as well as receiving a letter is always special. A Letter is a platform where you can express your innermost feelings in a straightforward manner. Business letters and personal letters are two types of letters. For all official and formal situations, you write business letter whereas letters written to friends, relatives, acquaintances are personal letters. Both follow the same format only the difference lies in the language used for writing. In business letters, formal language is used and situations discussed are work related. In personal letters language is informal and you discuss personal and intimate topics. A commercial business letter is a letter written in formal language, usually used when writing from one business organization to another, or for correspondence between such organizations and their customers, clients and other external parties. The overall style of letter will depend on the relationship between the parties concerned. There are many reasons to write a business letter. It could be to request direct information or action from another party, to order supplies from a supplier, to identify a mistake that was committed, to reply directly to a request, to apologize for a wrong or simply to convey goodwill. Even in our modern days, the business letter is still very useful because it produces a permanent record, is confidential, formal and delivers persuasive, well-considered messages The most common types of business letter include: 1. Acknowledgement Letter: This type of letter is written when you want to acknowledge some one for his help or support when you were in trouble. The letter can be used to just say thanks for something you have received from some one, which is of great help to you. 2. Apology Letter: An apology letter is written for a failure in delivering the desired results. If the  person has taken up a task and he fails to meet the target then he apologizes and asks for an opportunity to improve in this type of letter. 3. Appreciation Letter: An appreciation letter is written to appreciate some one’s work in the organization. This type of letter is written by a superior to his junior. An organization can also write an appreciation letter to other organization, thanking the client for doing business with them. 4. Complaint Letter: A complaint letter is written to show one that an error has occurred and that needs to be corrected as soon as possible. The letter can be used as a document that was used for warning the reader. 5. Inquiry Letter: The letter of inquiry is written to inquire about a product or service. If you have ordered a product and yet not received it then you can write a letter to inquire when you will be receiving it. 6. Order Letter: This letter is as the name suggests is used for ordering products. This letter can be used as a legal document to show the transaction between the customer and vendor. 7. Letter of Recommendation: This type of letter is written to recommend a person for a job position. The letter states the positive aspects of the applicant’s personality and how he/she would be an asset for the organization. Letter of recommendation is even used for promoting a person in the organization. There are several points that will help one in drafting a busines s letter: †¢ Make sure that you type the letter. It should not be handwritten. †¢ Always use a letter head to write a formal letter. †¢ If you don’t have a letter head, then type your name, designation and address at the top of the page. †¢ Mentioning the date in a letter is a must as it serves the purpose of reference in further letter regarding the same topic. †¢ After the date, you need to write the full name, designation and full address of the recipient. †¢ Then you need to insert greeting to the person whom the letter is written. You have to use formal language. Take a look at this example: Dear Mr. Brown, †¢ Now, you can actually begin to write the main message of the letter. In the first paragraph, you have to introduce yourself if the receiver does not know you. You could begin with a sentence like â€Å"We had recently met in a conference†, or â€Å"I had purchased a SIP from your company two months back.† †¢ After that you have to clearly mention the purpose of the letter. The purpose may  be to lodge a complaint, request for information, compliment a product or service provided, discussing a business deal etc. You have to be brief and precise. †¢ In the end of the letter, you have a complimentary close. The words that are included: Sincerely, thanking you, regards, etc. †¢ The last thing is you need to type your name and sign the letter. †¢ The letter should be printed in a readable font. Business letter has a specific format. The letter is different from other forms of communication because of the format in which it is presented. The letter has a beginning, middle and an ending. All the areas of the letter have to be organized logical so that the letter is clear, complete and cohesive. A letter has different parts. All the parts have to be neatly drafted so that a meaningful letter is created. The block format is the most popular format of the business letter where all the matter is aligned to the left side and uses single spacing. The letter includes the following parts: †¢ Letterhead: The formal business letter should always begin with letterhead. Every organization has a letterhead used for all official correspondence. One have to begin the letter on the letter head of the company. The letter head gives the receiver an idea about who has sent the letter. †¢ Date: The date has to be written exactly below the letter head. The date is important part of a letter and can be used as a reference. The date has to be written in full with day, month and year. For example: 25 December 2011 or December 20, 2011 †¢ Receiver’s Address: The next important part is the receiver’s address. One need to include the name of the receiver, his designation and complete address. The inside address and the address on the envelope should always be same. †¢ Salutation: This is the opening line of the letter. It should begin with a greeting. In a formal business letter, one need to write dear followed by Mr./Ms with his or her name. It looks unprofessional, when a writer includes only the first name of the person. †¢ Body: In the first line itself, a writer has to mention the message of his letter. The letter should be able to convey the message directly to the reader. The letter has no place for unnecessary words. It has to be concise but informative. The letter should consist of paragraphs. Each new point should have separate paragraph. The last paragraph should sum  up the letter and ask the receiver to do an action based on the letter. †¢ Complimentary Closure: In the end of the letter one have to use complimentary close. One can use words like â€Å"Yours faithfully†, â€Å"Yours sincerely†. Comma has to be included after the close. A writer has to insert his/her full name at the end leaving few spa ces to sign the letter. After this is done a writer can include the enclosures. Stylistic and Lexical Peculiarities of Business Letter The layout of the business letter differs in some respect from that of the personal letter. Not only the sender’s address is given (as in personal letter) but also the name and address of the person or organization to which the letter is being send. This is written on the left-hand side of the page against the margin slightly lower than the date (which is on the opposite side). It should be the same as the name and address on the envelope. A letter written to a man should be add – reseed to, for example, Mr. D. Smith or to D. Smith Esq. (Esquire). A letter to a woman, should be addressed to, for example, Mrs. C. Jones or Mrs. C. Jones. If you do not know the name of the person for from your letter is intended you may address it directly to the company, e.g.: The Branded Boot Co. Ltd., 5 Rubberheel Road, Wellingborough, Northants, England. Co. and Ltd. Are the usual abbreviations for Company and Limited. However it’s better to address your letter to some individual – The Managing Director, the Personnel Manager, The Secretary, The Branch Manager, The Export Manager – followed by the name of the company. If the person you are writing to is known to you, you should begin with, for example, Dear Mr. Thompson, Dear Mrs. Warren, etc. Otherwise you should begin Dear Sir (S), Dear Madam, or Gentlemen. The body of the business letter usually includes: a) Reference, b) Information, c) Purpose, d) Conclusion. You should begin your letter with a reference to a letter you have received, an advertisement you have seen, or an even which has prompted the writing of your letter. It is sometimes necessary to add some detailed information related to the reference, in a subsequent paragraph. The generally accepted way of writing the data is the following: October 17,200__ 17 October,200__ October 19th ,200__ 19th October,200__ The subject line is typed immediately below the salutation in the center. It helps to ensure that the letter is passed without delay to the right person or department : Dear Sir, Your order # 0072/98 Purpose is the most important part of the letter, where you are expected to state clearly and concisely all the questions that you have been asked. As business letter are written on behalf of a firm, use ‘we’ and ‘our’ instead of ‘my’ and ‘I’. Do not use the short forms ‘we’ll’ ,’we’ve’ in all formal and business letters. Extra spacing is used between paragraphs to separate different points more effectively. Try to use short sentences and short paragraphs because it is easier to read and understand . Conclusion usually consists of some polite remark to round the letter off. Then usually follows the complimentary close. If you begin your letter with Dear Sir (s) or Dear Madam you may and it with the words â€Å"Your faithfully†. If you address a person by name the words â€Å"Yours sincerely † are preferable. There is a modern tendency however to use â€Å"Yours sincerely † even to people you have never met. The signature: sing you name clearly, in full, as it should appear on the envelope of the letter addressed to you. If there are enclosures, the word ’Encl:’ is typed at the bottom left-hand corner, with a short description of the enclosure. The postscript (P.S.) should be avoided. But sometimes ‘it has a definite, planned function. It is designed to draw special attention, to emphasize a  point made elsewhere in letter, or to make a special offer. Sometimes it may serve as a reply to a further letter that has come in after the letter had been completed. 2.3 Modern Means of Business Communication People have always tried to convey information. Now, they send letters and documents by post, by fax, by computer and they make phone calls from home or the office or, thanks to mobile phones, from wherever they happen to be. The list of services, thanks to advanced technology, is long and presumably will grow. People can phone and fax from trains and planes. They can buy things, carry out financial transactions, get information – all without leaving their chairs. This is the global information age. The worldwide computer network known as the Internet connects millions of people worldwide. It connects many computer networks and uses common addressing system. The most popular Internet service is e-mail. Using e-mail, you can send messages to anyone with an internet account. Most businesses today have electronic address because e-mail provides cheap and rapid communication. Since the mid-1990s electronic commerce has become one of the most rapidly growing retail sectors involving the use of computer telecommunication networks for maintaining business relationships and selling information, services and commodities. Although e-commerce usually refers only to the trading of goods and services over the Internet, it actually includes broader economic activity such as business-to-consumer and business-to-business commerce as well as internal organizational transactions that support these activities. A new form of collaboration known as a virtual company is flourishing now. This type of company is actually- a network of firms, each performing some of the processes needed to manufacture a product or deliver a service. E-mail is cheap and easy to use. E-mail is the transmission and distribution of information through personal computers linked to the telephone system, which allows subscribers to send a message directly to another subscriber that will appear in their electronic mail box. Computer use continues to grow and develop in all spheres of our life. Its applications have had a great impact on the business world. Computers have helped society by increasing productivity and simplifying many services, such as checking,  credit cards, and telephone service. Electronic Mail Once a person gets comfortable with e-mail, it may seem like the only communication method needed. However, written media are preferred and necessary in many cases as previously described. In many ways, e-mail messages are formatted and look similar to memos. Most of the e-mail heading portion is quite simple, most of it being handled by the e-mail program itself. The address of the recipient is filled in; addresses for those to receive copies are filled in; and a brief phase indicating the contents or purpose is added. After typing in the body of the message, an additional formatting element to add to a professional e-mail communications is a â€Å"signature†. Construct a signature containing your full name, title, company name, e-mail addresses, regular mailing address, telephone number, and other such detail. As for style in e-mail messages, here are some suggestions: 1. Typos and Mistakes. There is some controversy about how much to worry about writing mistakes in e-mail. Except for very formal electronic communications, most people disregard or even expect occasional writing glitches in the e-mail they send or receive. However, e-mail messages can be proofread and edited as easily as most other written documents. Sloppiness in writing can become a bad habit. 2. Formality. The tone of e-mail communications is generally informal. E-mail messages are normally rather short, for example, under a dozen lines, and the paragraphs are short as well. No one likes having to do a lot of extended reading on a computer screen. 3. Specific Subject Lines. If you want your e-mail to be read and have the impact you intend, make the subject line specific and compel ling. It is not uncommon for people to log-in and find 50 messages waiting. 4. Format. Whenever possible, break the message into paragraphs of less than six or seven lines and skip an extra line between them. Use only the characters on the keyboard; anything else may not format properly when the recipient views it. Use headings to identify and mark off the various subtopics. If there is a series of points, use the various forms of lists that are available. 5. Automatic Replies. The reply function in e-mail is a wonderful time-saver. However, e-mail is often addressed to multiple recipients. Know for sure that you want all listed recipients to receive the message. Particularly be careful with replying to group list-serves. It can be highly embarrassing for a sensitive message to go to unintended parties. Thus, sensitive topics probably should not be discussed via e-mail. Remember that e-mail can be quickly forwarded to a huge audience. Memoranda A memorandum can be used for most communications internal to an organization with the exception of possibly a full formal report. A memo might contain a status or progress report on a project; it might be a request to an employee to provide information; or it might be the employee’s response to a request for information. Thus, a memo can be very much like a business letter, or it can be very much like a short report. The key is the memorandum format. The memo format is commonly used for progress reports that are required in some engineering courses at ASU. These progress reports in memo format may have attachments as with a business letter. If longer than one page, memo progress reports should have subheading to help organize and present the information. For example, a progress report on a design project might have subheadings for an introduction, accomplishments, future work, and problems. The main header words in the memorandum format are usually in al l capital letters and are now commonly shown in bold type for appearance. 1. MEMO Heading. In most cases, the word â€Å"MEMORANDUM† is placed at the top, center of the first page. The font size is usually slightly larger than that of the text and other header words, and some provide a space between each letter of the word. 2. DATE Heading. The date used for the memo should be somewhere in the header. The example shown by Figure No. 3 shows the date as the first line, but in some designs, it may be a subsequent line. 3. TO Heading. The name of the recipient or the group name is shown following the TO: heading. Use appropriate names and titles, such as â€Å"Susie†, â€Å"Susie Jacques†, or â€Å"Mrs. Susie Jacques, Executive Secretary†, depending on your familiarity with the recipient and the formality of the situation. 4. COPIES Heading. If copies are sent to others, this heading should also be used. List the names and titles of those receiving copies of the memo. 5. FROM Heading. The sender’s name or the name of the group is placed on this line. The familiarity with the recipient and the sense of the formality dictate how the sender is addressed. In many organizations, the writer of the memo places their initials or first name just after the typed name. 6. SUBJECT Heading. A brief phrase that encapsulates the topic and purpose of the memo is placed in this space. Generally, the first letter of each word in the phrase is capitalized, and there is no punctuation at the end. The actual label for this element varies; some styles use â€Å"RE:† or â€Å"SUBJ:† Most of the rules that apply to business letters also apply to the body of a memo. For example, text should be single spaced with double spacing between paragraphs. In more formal styles of memoranda, writers actually insert the same kind of complimentary close and signature block as used for  business letters. For continuing pages, some type of header is appropriate with the name of the recipient, date, and page number shown. Conclusion So, we defined the concept of business communication and we can surely say, that it takes a huge part in our life. Business communication is very important for every businessman, because communication with business partners, employees, clients is the ground of their success. Written communication is more frequently used type of communication in business life. An exceptional business writing skill is very important in any type of business. Clients frequently base the company’s credibility on the quality of their business communications. These people tend to have negative view of businesses that disseminate written materials with errors or businesses that use vague phrases and misspell names. Written communication allows businesses to communicate developments, expectations and legalities to employees and contacts in the outside world. While traditional hard copies of written communication in business are still prevalent, email and online communication has become increasingly common. In this course paper we studied and described the peculiarities of business writing – letters, e-mail, memoranda. We clarified the main structural parts of business writing documents, which always are bound by certain accepted standards. Good business letter must be well-planed and built. It is very important to follow the standardized structure of the letter and corresponding language.

Impact of Harry Potter on Society - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1197 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/04/12 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Harry Potter Essay Did you like this example? Many people all across globe have fallen in love with Harry Potter over the years, whether it be the movies, books, games, or any other of the novelties associated with the franchise. Most people, however, havent thought how the books that started this global phenomenon, have impacted them. The Harry Potter book series has made an impact on numerous people throughout the world. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Impact of Harry Potter on Society" essay for you Create order From helping young readers develop reading skills, to captivating people around the globe, Harry Potter has something for everyone, which is why it is why it has reached so many people, and will continue to teach lessons to whom over comes in contact with the books. As the series progresses there are increasingly difficult problems and language. For example, in the first book was about a young wizard who had family problems, such as no parents and an abusive foster family. Harry was also solving problems, and attending school. The first book used basic language. However, by the seventh book, Harry was battling the evil wizard, Voldemort, and his army. Harry had to cope with the loss of friends and to make difficult decisions. There was more complex language and problems by the last novel. The Harry Potter books have helped people develop reading skills, and will make people want to read. I predict the books will provide an escape for everyday life and people will be able to immerse themselves into a fantasy world, making people want to read the book series. If someone has problems in their everyday life, they can escape these problems by reading about a fantasy world. Harry, also has his flaws and problems, but deals with his issues and overcomes them. This makes Harry Potter relatable to the reader, and shows that they can also overcome these obstacles. According to Sara Ann Beach and Elizabeth Harden Willner, The magical world created by Rowling draws young readers into the books by connecting aspects of the world in which they live with a world that transcends reality. Harry and his friends participate in such everyday activities much like an average kid. Although this seems like the life of an everyday kid, it also has things outside of our realm. Since Harry Potter genre is fantasy, it will allow people to experience events they cannot experience in real life. According to Beach and Harden Willner, The nonhuman characters that inhabit both Hogwarts and the wizard world are the creatures of myth and fantasy, creatures that fascinate young readers. A huge three-headed dog guards the entrance to the chamber where the sorcerers stone is kept. Unicorns and centaurs inhabit the Enchanted Forest on the edge of the school grounds. The school headmaster Dumbledores pet is Phoenix, who bursts into flames and then rises from the ashes. This aspect can appeal to those who normally dislike reading. These books will appeal to the lifelong love for reading that can develop overtime. It can help a child get into to reading that would normally dislike the activity. It truly helps to captivate the reader. This can be useful to help impact readers develop a lifelong love of reading, and help teach other various lessons. Harry Potter should also be able to help people empathize with others. One example is in one experiment, researchers studied attitudes toward immigrants, people often discriminated against in Italy, among a group of 34 elementary-school age Italian children (Nye, Lesley). The children were first given a survey about immigrants and then divided into two groups: One read passages from Harry Potter that included prejudice Draco Malfoy calling Hermione, a filthy little Mudblood, and the other read neutral passages. Among those who read the first passage and identified with Harry Potter as a character, tolerance toward immigrants improved. In the following studies, the researchers measured attitudes toward homosexuals in an Italian high school and toward refugees among British university students. Both groups showed a more positive outlook on the stigmatized group among Harry Potter readers (Nye, Lesley). In the first two studies, which included younger participants, these attitudes were associated with identifying with Harry Potter as a character. Among the university participants, who were older than Harry, the researchers attributed the lower prejudice to dissociation with the negative character Voldemort (Kozlowska, Hanna). It can also teach people to stand up for themselves and others. In The Prisoner of Azkaban, Malfoy makes fun of Harry, and is cruel to him, so Hermione stands up for Harry by punching Malfoy. Later on in the book, Hagrid has a magical pet hippogryph, named Buckbeak. Hagrid brought him in to the magical creatures class he was teaching so they could learn about him. Malfoy mistreats him, and resulting from it, Buckbeak attacks him. Malfoys father complains, so they are forced to put him down. Harry, knowing that Buckbeak is innocent, saves him before he is executed, because it is the right thing to do. This is crucial reason why it has touched many lives, it trul y makes people feel for Harry, and is highly relatable to the audience. Harry Potter fans who love this story so much and then you see that story being represented in your own world, its hard not to want to use it as inspiration (Yasharoff, Hannah). One reason the Harry Potter series has impacted the world, is the sheer volume of Harry Potter has reached is absurd. Harry Potters enormous amount of exposure has made it able to make an impact on maximum amount of people. This could be in part to Harry Potter being the fourth most sold book of all time. Facebooks data team did a survey, and the series about the Boy Who Lived was on a 21% of the 130,000 lists, making it what some have called the most influential book in the world. Harry Potter topped such standards as Harper Lees To Kill a Mockingbird, J.R.R Tolkiens The Lord of the Rings and the Bible. (Kozlowski). With all this exposure, it has had the opportunity to impact an immense amount of people. Harry Potter has an immense following, in part to various reasons. One being, the books have been turned into films. From these films, it has kept compounding, and growing. An example of this is in live action roleplay. There are groups that participate in live action role playing b ased on the series, which brings people together. Another example is that, there are numerous games, toys, and other merchandise for sale. At Disney World, they have even recreated a part of their theme park to be like Diagon Alley, with shops and various other places that allow people to feel like they are in the movie (Galligan, Anne). Harry Potter has touched people across the globe and will continue to make lasting impressions on children. The sheer exposure of the books, movies, etcetera, has helped this book leave a lasting imprint. It will result in various people who now have a lifelong relationship with reading. It will teach people about empathy, and promote standing up for whats right. It will teach others that we may have our flaws, but at the end of the day, we can still be the hero and overcome our differences.